A comprehensive overview
Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis, commonly known as LASIK, is one of the most popular and effective surgical procedures for correcting vision problems. It is primarily used to treat refractive errors such as myopia (shortsightedness), hyperopia (longsightedness), and astigmatism. Since its approval by the FDA in the 1990s, millions of patients worldwide have turned to LASIK to achieve clear vision and reduce dependency on glasses or contact lenses.
How LASIK works
LASIK surgery reshapes the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye, to ensure light entering the eye is properly focused onto the retina, leading to clear vision. Here's a breakdown of the process:
Preparation: The eye is numbed using local anaesthetic eye drops, and a lid speculum is used to keep the eye open.
Creating the corneal flap: A thin, circular flap is created in the cornea using a microkeratome blade or a femtosecond laser. This flap is lifted to expose the underlying corneal tissue.
Reshaping the cornea: An excimer laser, guided by a computer, removes microscopic amounts of corneal tissue to reshape it. For myopia, the cornea is flattened, while for hyperopia, it is made steeper. Astigmatism is corrected by smoothing irregular corneal shapes.
Flap replacement: The corneal flap is repositioned and it naturally adheres to the underlying tissue during healing.
Ideal candidates for LASIK
While LASIK is highly effective, it is not suitable for everyone. Candidates must meet certain criteria:
Age: Must be at least 18 years old, as vision stabilises in adulthood.
Stable prescription: Prescription for glasses or contacts should be stable for at least a year.
Healthy eyes: Free from conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, or severe dry eye syndrome.
Adequate corneal thickness: Sufficient corneal thickness is essential to ensure safe reshaping.
General health: Should not have autoimmune diseases, diabetes-related eye issues, or be pregnant/breastfeeding.
Advantages of LASIK
Quick procedure: The surgery typically takes 10-15 minutes per eye.
Rapid recovery: Most patients notice improved vision within 24-48 hours.
Long lasting results: LASIK offers permanent vision correction for stable prescriptions.
Reduced dependence on glasses/contacts: Many achieve 20/20 or better vision.
Painless: The procedure is virtually painless due to anaesthetic drops.
Potential risks and complications
Although LASIK has a high success rate, complications can occur. These include:
Dry eyes: Temporary dry eye syndrome is common
Visual disturbances: Some may experience glare, halos, or double vision, particularly at night.
Overcorrection and under correction: In rare cases, further adjustments or enhancements might be necessary.
Flap complications: Improper healing or displacement of the flap can lead to vision issues.
Loss of vision: Extremely rare but possible.
The recovery process
Immediate post-surgery:
Rest for the remainder of the day.
Avoid rubbing the eyes to prevent displacing the corneal flap.
Short term recovery:
Vision may be hazy for the first day but improves rapidly.
Use prescribed antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops to prevent infection and aid healing.
Long term care:
Attend follow-up appointments as advised.
Avoid strenuous activities, swimming, or exposure to dusty environments for a few weeks.
Alternatives to LASIK
For those not eligible for LASIK, other vision correction procedures are available:
PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy): Like LASIK but without creating a corneal flap.
LASEK (Laser-Assisted Sub-Epithelial Keratomileusis): A variation of PRK for thinner corneas.
SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction): A minimally invasive laser technique for myopia and astigmatism.
In summary…
LASIK surgery has revolutionised vision correction, offering millions of people freedom from glasses and contact lenses. While the procedure is generally safe and effective, it’s important to consult an experienced ophthalmologist to determine suitability and understand the risks involved. With proper planning and care, LASIK can be a life-changing investment in your vision and quality of life.