Hayfever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, especially during the spring and summer months when pollen counts are high. While hayfever is often associated with sneezing, a runny nose, and congestion, one of its most uncomfortable symptoms involves the eyes. This blog explores the relationship between hayfever and eye health, providing insights into the symptoms, causes, and effective management strategies.
How hayfever affects your eyes
When you have hayfever, your immune system mistakenly identifies harmless substances like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander as threats. In response to these allergens, your body releases histamine which triggers a range of symptoms. The most common eye-related symptoms of hayfever include:
Itchy eyes
A persistent itchiness around the eyes.
Redness
Your eyes may appear bloodshot due to inflammation of the blood vessels
Watery eyes
Excessive tearing is a natural response to allergens and can make vision blurry.
Swollen eyelids
Puffiness around the eyes can occur, making them feel heavy and uncomfortable.
Dryness Conversely, some people may experience dry eyes, as the tear film is disrupted by the allergic reaction.
These symptoms, collectively known as allergic conjunctivitis, can significantly impact daily activities, making it difficult to work, drive, or enjoy outdoor activities.
Triggers
The eyes are particularly vulnerable to allergens because they are exposed to the environment. Such an allergic exposure then triggers an immune response that leads to inflammation and irritation. Some common airborne allergens that can cause hayfever conjunctivitis include:
Pollen Grass, tree, and weed pollen are the main culprits during different seasons. Dust mites These tiny creatures thrive in bedding, upholstery, and carpets. Pet dander Proteins found in the skin flakes, saliva, and urine of pets can trigger allergic reactions. Mould spores Mould thrives in damp environments and can release spores that irritate the eyes.
Managing hayfever & protecting your eyes
While hayfever can be a persistent issue, there are several strategies you can use to protect your eyes and manage symptoms effectively:
Avoid Allergens
Stay indoors during peak pollen times: Pollen counts are usually highest in the early morning and late afternoon. Try to limit outdoor activities during these periods.
Use sunglasses: Wearing wraparound sunglasses can help shield your eyes from pollen and other airborne allergens.
Keep windows closed: Keep windows shut in your home and car. Use air conditioning with a clean filter to circulate air.
Wash your hands and face regularly: This helps remove pollen that may have settled on your skin thereby reducing the chance of it irritating your eyes.
Medications
Antihistamine eye drops: These can provide quick relief from itching and redness by blocking the effects of histamine.
Oral antihistamine: Over-the-counter medications can reduce overall allergic symptoms, including those affecting the eyes.
Decongestants: These can help reduce swelling and redness but should only be used for short periods.
Prescription eye drops: If over-the-counter options aren’t effective, your doctor may prescribe stronger anti-inflammatory or mast cell stabilizer eye drops.
Home Remedies
Cold compresses: Applying a cold, damp cloth to your eyes can help soothe itching and reduce puffiness.
Artificial tears: These can help wash away allergens and provide moisture to dry, irritated eyes.
Humidifiers: Using a humidifier at home can help keep the air moist, which may reduce eye irritation.
Maintain eye hygiene
Avoid rubbing your eyes: While it may be tempting, rubbing your eyes can worsen the irritation.
Clean your eyelids: Using a gentle, hypoallergenic cleanser can help remove any allergens that may have settled on your lashes and eyelids.
Replace contact lenses frequently: If you wear contacts, switch to glasses during hayfever season or use daily disposable lenses to minimize allergen exposure.
Seeking expert advice
If your symptoms persist despite taking precautions and using over-the-counter treatments, it may be time to consult an eye specialist. They can provide personalised advice, prescribe stronger medications, or refer you to an allergist for further evaluation.
In rare cases, hayfever can lead to more serious eye conditions like allergic keratitis, where the cornea becomes inflamed. If you experience severe pain, sensitivity to light, or a significant change in vision, seek medical attention immediately.
How we can help
The team at Maculara can provide advice on looking after your eyesight and mitigating the effects of allergic rhinitis. By understanding the triggers and taking proactive steps to protect your eyes, you can minimise discomfort and enjoy Spring and Summer again!